By: @dermahealthnutrition
Omega-3 fatty acids are essential to our health and, according to recent research, may also have a positive effect on skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, and wound healing. Omega-3 fatty acids are a type of polyunsaturated fat and are called "omega-3" because the first double bond in their chemical structure is at the third position at the end of their fatty acid chain. There are three main types:
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA): This is the essential omega-3 fatty acid that cannot be made in the body and must be obtained from dietary sources. It is found primarily in plant foods such as flaxseeds, chia seeds, hemp seeds, walnuts, and their oils.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): EPA and DHA are derived from ALA through a series of metabolic conversions in the body, but only in small amounts or consumed directly from dietary sources. They are found primarily in fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel, sardines, and anchovies, and in algae.
An important aspect of omega-3 fatty acids is their anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation is a common underlying factor in many skin conditions. EPA and DHA help regulate the inflammatory response by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory molecules and promoting the synthesis of anti-inflammatory mediators. By modulating inflammatory pathways, omega-3 fatty acids may help to reduce the redness, swelling, and irritation associated with these skin conditions. Omega-3 fatty acids may also improve skin hydration and maintain an intact skin barrier function. The skin's outermost layer, known as the stratum corneum, acts as a protective barrier against external factors and helps retain moisture within the skin. Omega-3 fatty acids contribute to the integrity of the skin barrier by promoting the formation of a healthy lipid layer. This helps prevent water loss, keeping the skin adequately hydrated and reducing dryness and roughness.
While more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and optimize their use, incorporating omega-3 fatty acids into a balanced diet or considering supplementation may provide a natural approach to supporting and improving skin health. Omega-3 fatty acids are generally safe and well tolerated, but it's wise to consult a healthcare professional before beginning any supplementation to determine the appropriate dosage and suitability for individual needs. Blood levels should also be checked to see whether real deficits exist.
References:
Guertler, A., et al. Clinical effects of omega-3 fatty acids on acne vulgaris. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges (2022).
Shen, S., et al. Dietary supplementation of n-3 PUFAs ameliorates LL37-induced rosacea-like skin inflammation via inhibition of TLR2/MyD88/NF-kappaB pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 157, 114091 (2023).
Gurtler, A. & Laurenz, S. The impact of clinical nutrition on inflammatory skin diseases. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 20, 185-202 (2022).
Koch, C., et al. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation in atopic eczema: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 158, 786-792 (2008).
Leite, B.F., et al. Dietetic intervention in psoriatic arthritis: the DIETA trial. Adv Rheumatol 62, 12 (2022).
Musumeci, M.L., Nasca, M.R., Boscaglia, S. & Micali, G. The role of lifestyle and nutrition in psoriasis: Current status of knowledge and interventions. Dermatol Ther 35, e15685 (2022).
